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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) consist of perovskite crystals that serve as light absorbers sandwiched between a semiconductor pn junction. SnO₂ nanoparticles and NiO_x nanoparticles are two popular carrier transport layers in conventional (n-i-p) PSCs and inverted (p-i-n) PSCs, respectively. In this work, these metal oxide nanoparticle carrier transport layers in PSCs application were studied. Substrate modification to enhance the lifetime of flexible perovskite solar cells will also be discussed.

SnO₂ nanoparticles with the advantage of low processing temperature, high conductivity, and high stability have been widely applied in PSCs as electron transport layer (ETL). In this work SnO₂ nanoparticles consist of homojunction bilayer with 3 nm atomic layer deposition (ALD) deposited SnO₂ was fabricated. Its enhancement on open circuit voltage (V_OC) and fill factor (FF) as well as the reduction of hysteresis was discussed.

NiO_x nanoparticles are superior in low post-annealing temperature and high stability. In this work, dual passivation of NiO_x layer was studied and PSCs with average efficiency of 20% and T₉₅ stability over 300 hours were achieved and the results will be discussed.

NiO_x nanoparticles were also applied in flexible PSCs. Substrate modifications were performed and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR) were reduced. Stability of flexible PSCs was improved and the results were discussed.