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Nanomaterials have emerged as key components in advancing future technologies with their wide-ranging applications. This study focuses on investigating nanomaterials for three specific applications: 1) food packaging to enhance food security, 2) catalysis for fuel generation and promoting clean energy, and 3) photocatalysis for environmental remediation and ensuring clean water supply. The investigation specifically concentrates on metal oxide and metal carbide nanomaterials, including mesoporous silica, photocatalytically active metal oxides (ZnO, TiO2), and catalytically active metal carbides (MoxC, TiCx). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were synthesized using the Stöber method, with subsequent coatings of FeOx and TiOx applied through atomic layer deposition for oxygen scavenger application. Carbonized glucose layers were also applied using the hydrothermal method to enhance oxygen absorption capacity. Additionally, self-doped black TiO2 coatings were studied for the degradation of organic pollutants, while TiO2/ZnO core-shell tetrapod was employed for microplastic degradation. The exceptional thermal stability and corrosion resistance of MoxC and TiCx made them suitable for catalytic hydrocracking of plastics, with excellent plastic degradation performance observed using Ru clusters/MoxC catalysts and the recent results will be discussed. These findings contribute to the understanding and utilization of nanomaterials for various applications, fostering advancements in technology and addressing environmental challenges.